o When Sir Henry Edward created the ‘ten print’ system of classification in 1896, he divided patterns of fingerprints into two groups – value patterns and no-value patterns. The difference, he described, was that value patterns contained whorls and no-value patterns contained loops and arches. Value patterns were given a number pattern that depended on which finger the print came from. For instance, a thumb on the right hand would be numbered 16 and the little finger on the left would be numbered 1. Next, Edward grouped the numbers from different fingers and created 1024 individual codes. The drawback, however, was that in order for someone to entered into the filing system, all ten of their fingerprints had to be identified. Later in the 1930s a system was developed that only required a single print, and as technology advanced, computer systems were introduced that were much more efficient. o Central pocket, double loop, plain whorl, loop, plain arch, tented arch, accidental print
o There are three fundamental principles that make fingerprinting useful in identifying criminals; fingerprints are individual characteristics, fingerprints will not change in an individual’s lifetime, and fingerprints have general ridge patterns that can be classified.
o The three classes of fingerprints include loops, whorls, and arches. The most common class of fingerprints are called loops and sixty to sixty five percent of the population have them. Loops are identified by containing one or more ridges that enter one side of the print, curve, then exit on the same side. They also contain a core, type lines, and deltas; the core is the center of the loop, type lines are ridges that separate, and deltas, which occur in every loop, are the point at which the separation occurs. The two types of loops, ulnar and radial, differ in the direction they open towards. Ulnar loops open towards the little finger and radial open towards the thumb. The next class of fingerprints are whorls, which are found on thirty to thirty five percent of the population. Like loops, whorls contain type lines and deltas, however, in a whorl there will be two deltas. There are four major types of whorls; double loop, plain, central pocket, and accidental. A double loop whorl is formed by two loops that combine to make one whorl. Plain and Central pocket whorls form a complete circuit, have at least one ridge, and form an imaginary line between its two deltas that does not touch the ridges. Any whorls that do not fit into those three types are called accidental whorls. The least common class of fingerprints are called arches and are found on only about five percent of the population. Arches are formed by ridges that enter on one side of a fingerprint and exit on the opposite side. There are two types of arches - plain and tented. Plain arches have wave like patterns while tented arches have sharp spikes in the center of the arch. Opposite of loops and whorls, arches do not have a core, type lines, or deltas.
good words not much wrong here :) maybe just space out the sections more
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